In it, the city of New Haven paid $100,000 to the diversity testing firm, IO Solutions, Inc. to design exams to be completely free of any racial bias.
Unfortunately for them, even after taking such absurd steps when the tests were administered in November and December of 2003, white firefighters scored so much higher than their minority counterparts. Forty-one applicants took the captain exam, eight were black, no black made the cut. Seventy-seven took the lieutenant exam, 19 were black, and once again none made the grade. Two out of twenty-nine hispanics made the cut.
New Haven's city charter requires that they follow a "rule of three" which requires that each open promotional position be filled from among the top three scorers on the exams. But since there were virtually no minority candidates qualified according to the test, New Haven decided to do the right thing. Scrub the test entirely.
This made the whites a bit unhappy to say the least. SO Ricci and 19 others filed a lawsuit.
U.S. District Judge Janet Bond Arterton who heard Ricci's case ruled against him and his fellow plaintiffs. In a 48-page judgment order, she wrote that New Haven's reason for throwing out the test was related to the racial distribution of the results. But she concluded that there was no discrimination because the test results were discarded before anyone was promoted. WTF, circular reasoning at its best.
It was then appealed to the 2nd Circuit Court (the court on which Judge Sotomayor currently sits). In an unusual short and unsigned opinion, the panel of three judges, including Sotomayor, adopted the district court judge's ruling without adding their own analysis nor the details which led them to their conclusion.
When the 2nd Circuit split 7-6 against a motion to have the case reargued before the full court Jose A. Cabranes another 2nd Circuit judge, wrote a dissenting opinion (joined by five other judges) which brought the case to the attention of the U.S. Supreme Court. Cabranes criticized his 2nd Circuit colleagues for rejecting the firefighters' claims without addressing "important questions of first impression in our circuit."
Jose A Cabranes in his dissent wrote:May a municipal employer disregard the results of a qualifying examination, which was carefully constructed to ensure race neutrality, on the ground that the results of that examination yielded too many qualified applicants of one race and not enough of another."
The case then went to the Supreme Court which heard the case in April, a ruling is expected in June.
One slightly unrelated issue I found of note is the fact that Ricci is dyslexic, An obvious handicap when it comes to written tests. Which makes his high score only that much more of an example to dedication and study. Most of these applicants studied for months and incurred out of pocket expenses for study materials.

: Maybe we should send you to a concentration camp.

